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illegal logging
Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission or from a protected area; the cutting of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits (see Box 1).
Illegalities may also occur during transport, such as illegal processing and export; fraudulent declaration to customs; the avoidance of taxes and other charges, and fraudulent certification.
==Overview==
Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities and to the economies of producer countries. Despite the economic importance of trade in timber and forest products, major international timber consumer countries, such as the EU, have no legal means to halt the import of illegally sourced forest products,〔With the exception of CITES which is only partly applicable.〕 because the identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult. Therefore, a legal basis for normative acts against timber imports or other products manufactured out of illegal wood is missing. Scientific methods to pinpoint the geographic origin of timber are currently under development.〔
〕 Possible actions to restrict imports cannot meet with WTO regulations of non-discrimination. They must instead be arranged in bilateral agreements. TRAFFIC,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=TRAFFIC - Wildlife Trade News )〕 the wildlife trade monitoring network strives to monitor the illegal trade of timber and provide expertise in policy and legal reviews.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=TRAFFIC - Timber trade )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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